Acute angle
|
An angle less than 90°.
|
Adjacent
|
Adjacent sides are next to each other and are joined by a
common vertex.
|
Algebra
|
Algebra is the branch of mathematics where symbols or
letters are used to represent numbers.
|
Angle
|
An angle is formed when two straight lines cross or meet
each other at a point. The size of an angle is measured by the amount one
line has been turned in relation to the other.
|
Approximate
|
An approximate value is a value that is close to the
actual value of a number.
|
Arc
|
Part of a circumference of a circle.
|
Area
|
The amount of space a shape takes up. E.g. the area of the
lawn is 35 square metres.
|
Asymmetrical
|
A shape which has no lines of symmetry.
|
Average
|
A value to best represent a set of data. There are three
type of average - the mean, the median and the mode.
|
Axis
|
An axis is one of the lines used to locate a point in a
coordinate system.
|
Bearing
|
A three digit angle measured from north in a clockwise
direction.
|
BIDMAS
|
A way of remembering the order in which operations are
carried out. It stands for Brackets - Indices - Division - Multiplication -
Addition - Subtraction.
|
Bisect
|
To divide an angle or shape exactly in half.
|
Brackets
|
Used to determine the order in which operations are
carried out. For example, 3 + 4 x 2 = 11 but (3 + 4) x 2 = 14.
|
Calculate
|
To work out the value of something. This does not have to
mean you need a calculator!
|
Centilitre (cl)
|
A measure of volume. 100 centilitres = 1 litre (100 cl = 1
l). 1 centilitre = 10 millilitres (1 cl = 10 ml).
|
Centimetre (cm)
|
A measure of distance. 1 centimetre = 10 millimetres. (1
cm = 10 mm). 100 centimetres = 1 metre. (100 cm = 1 m).
|
Chord
|
A straight line drawn from one point on the edge of a
circle to another.
|
Circumference
|
The perimeter of a circle.
|
Coefficient
|
The number in front of an algebraic symbol. For example
the coefficient of 5x is 5.
|
Congruent
|
If you can place a shape exactly on top of another then
they are said to be congruent. You may rotate, reflex or translate the shape.
|
Constant
|
A letter or symbol whose value always stays the same. The
constant Π is a common example.
|
Credit
|
To add money to a bank account. For example, I had £500
credited to my bank account.
|
Cross section
|
The end section created when you slice a 3D shape along
it's length.
|
Cube number
|
The product when an integer is multiplied by itself twice.
For example 5 cubed = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125.
|
Cuboid
|
A 3D shape with all sides made from rectangles.
|
Cumulative frequency
|
A running total of the frequencies, added up as you go
along.
|
Day
|
A time period of 24 hours. There are 7 days in a week.
|
Debit
|
To take out money from a bank account. For example, £400
was debited from my account.
|
Decagon
|
A ten sided polygon.
|
Decimal
|
Not a whole number or integer. For example, 3.6 or 0.235.
|
Decrease
|
To make an amount smaller.
|
Denominator
|
The bottom part of a fraction.
|
Diameter
|
The distance across a circle which passes through the
centre.
|
Difference
|
Subtract the smaller value from the larger value to find
the difference between two numbers.
|
Distance
|
How far away an object is. For example, it is a distance
of 3 miles to the city centre.
|
Distribution
|
How data is shared or spread out.
|
Equal
|
Used to show two quantities have the same value.
|
Equation
|
Two expressions which have the same value, separated by an
'=' sign. E.g. 3y = 9 + y
|
Equilateral triangle
|
A triangle with all sides and angles the same size.
|
Estimate
|
To find an approximate answer to a more difficult problem.
E.g. 31.2 x 5.94 is roughly equal to 30 x 6 = 180.
|
Even number
|
Any number which is a multiple of 2. Even numbers always
end in 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0.
|
Expand
|
To multiply out brackets in an expression. For example,
2(3x + 7) = 6x + 14.
|
Expression
|
A collection of terms which can contain variables
(letters) and numbers. E.g. 4pq - q + 7
|
Factor
|
A number that divides another number exactly. E.g. 4 is a
factor of 12.
|
Factorise
|
To put an expression into brackets by taking out a common
factor. For example, 20x + 15y = 5(4x + 3y).
|
Figures
|
Another name for numbers. For example one thousand and
fifty in figures is 1050.
|
Formula
|
An equation used to describe a relationship between two or
more variables.
|
Frequency
|
How many times something happens. Another word for
'total'.
|
Frequency density
|
The frequency divided by the class width.
|
Gradient
|
How steep a line is. Found by dividing the distance up by
the distance across.
|
Gram (g)
|
A measure of mass. 1 gram = 1000 milligrams. (1 g = 1000
mg)
|
HCF
|
Stands for 'highest common factor'. It is the largest
factor common to a set of numbers. E.g. The HCF of 16 and 24 is 8.
|
Heptagon
|
A seven sided polygon.
|
Hexagon
|
A six sided polygon.
|
Histogram
|
A diagram drawn with rectangles where the area is
proportional to the frequency and the width is equal to the class interval.
|
Hypotenuse
|
The longest side on a right angled triangle.
|
Increase
|
To make an amount larger.
|
Indices
|
Another name for powers such as ² or ³.
|
Integer
|
A whole number.
|
Inter-quartile range (IQR)
|
The difference between the upper and lower quartile.
|
Irrational
|
A decimal which is never ending. It must also not be a
recurring decimal.
|
Justify
|
Another word for 'explain'. Often crops up on your maths
exam. E.g. 'Calculate the mean and range for each player. Who is the better
player Justify your answer.'
|
Kilogram (Kg)
|
A measure of mass. 1 kilogram = 1000 grams. (1 kg = 1000
g)
|
Kilometre (Km)
|
A measure of distance. 1 kilometre = 1000 metres. (1 km =
1000 m)
|
LCM
|
Stands for 'lowest common multiple'. It is the smallest
multiple common to a set of numbers. E.g. The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12.
|
Litre (l)
|
A measure of volume. 1 litre = 100 centilitres (1 l = 100
cl). 1 litre = 1000 millilitres (1l = 1000 ml).
|
Loci
|
The plural of locus.
|
Locus
|
A collection of points which are the same distance from
another point or line.
|
Lower range
|
The smallest value in a set of data.
|
Mean
|
A type of average found by adding up a list of numbers and
dividing by how many numbers are in the list.
|
Median
|
The middle value when a list of numbers is put in order
from smallest to largest. A type of average.
|
Metre (m)
|
A measure of distance. 1 metre = 100 centimetres. (1 m =
1000 cm).
|
Millilitre (ml)
|
A measure of volume. 10 millimetres = 1 centilitre (10 ml
= 1 cl). 1000 millilitres = 1 litre (1000 ml = 1 l).
|
Millimetre (mm)
|
A measure of distance. 10 millimetres = 1 centimetre. (10
mm = 1 cm).
|
Modal
|
Another term for mode
|
Mode
|
The most common value in a list of numbers. If two values
are tied then there is two modes. If more than two values are tied then there
is no mode. A type ofaverage.
|
Month
|
A time period of either 28, 30 or 31 days. There are 12
months in a year.
|
Multiple
|
A number which is part of another number's times table.
E.g. 35 is a multiple of 5.
|
Natural number
|
A positive integer
|
Negative
|
A value less than zero
|
Nonagon
|
A nine sided polygon.
|
Numerator
|
The top part of a fraction.
|
Obtuse angle
|
An angle between 90 and 180 .
|
Octagon
|
An eight sided polygon.
|
Odd number
|
A number that is not a multiple of 2. Odd numbers always
end in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.
|
Operation
|
An action which when applied to one or more values gives
an output value. The four most common operations are addition. subtraction,
multiplication and division.
|
Parallel
|
Two or more lines which are always the same distance
apart.
|
Parallelogram
|
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.
|
Pentagon
|
A five sided polygon.
|
Perimeter
|
The distance around a shape.
|
Perpendicular
|
Two or more lines which meet at right angles.
|
Pi (Π)
|
An irrational constant used when calculating the area and
circumference of circles. It is approximately equal to 3.14.
|
Polygon
|
A shape made from straight lines.
|
Positive number
|
A number greater than zero.
|
Prime
|
A number which has exactly two factors. The number one and
itself.
|
Prism
|
A 3D shape with the same cross section all along its
length.
|
Probability
|
A measure of how likely an event is to occur.
|
Product
|
The answer when two values are multiplied together.
|
Quadratic equation
|
An equation where the highest power is two. For example x²
+ 4x + 6 = 0 is a quadratic equation.
|
Quadrilateral
|
A four sided polygon.
|
Radius
|
The distance from the centre of a circle to its
circumference. The plural of radius is radii.
|
Random sampling
|
A method of choosing people at random for a survey.
|
Range
|
The largest number take away the smallest value in a set
of data.
|
Rational
|
A decimal number which ends or is recurring.
|
Reciprocal
|
The reciprocal of any number is 1 divided by the number.
E.g. the reciprocal of 3 is 1/3., the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3.
|
Recurring
|
A decimal which never ends but repeats all or parts of the
sequence of numbers after the decimal point. E.g 0.333333 or 0.141414.
|
Reflex angle
|
An angle greater than 180 .
|
Regular
|
A shape with all sides and angles the same size.
|
Remainder
|
The amount left over when a number cannot be divided
exactly. For example, 21 divided by 4 is 5 remainder 1.
|
Right angle
|
An angle of 90 .
|
Rotation
|
To turn a shape using an angle, direction and centre of
rotation.
|
Round
|
To reduce the amount of significant figures or decimal
places a number has. For example £178 rounded to the nearest £10 is £180.
|
Scale
|
|
Scale factor
|
How many times larger or smaller an enlarged shape will
be.
|
Segment
|
An area of a circle enclosed by a chord.
|
Sequence
|
A list of numbers which follows a pattern. For example 6,
11, 16, 21, ...
|
Simplify
|
To write a sum, expression or ratio in its lowest terms.
For example 4:10:6 can be simplified to 2:5:3.
|
Solid
|
A 3D shape.
|
Solve
|
To find the missing value in an equation.
|
Speed
|
How fast an object is moving. Average speed = Total
distance divided by time taken.
|
Square number
|
The product when an integer is multiplied by itself. For
example, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100.
|
Sum
|
The answer when two or more values are added together.
|
Surface area
|
To total area of all sides on a 3D shape.
|
Symmetrical
|
A shape which has at least one line of symmetry.
|
Tally
|
A system of counting where every group of four vertical
lines is followed by a horizontal line to easily count in steps of five.
|
Tangent
|
A straight line that just touches a point on a curve. A
tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius which meets the tangent.
|
Term
|
A number, variable or combination of both which forms part
of an expression.
|
Transformation
|
The collective name for reflections, rotations,
translations and enlargements.
|
Translation
|
To move a shape from one position to another by sliding in
the x-axis followed by the y-axis.
|
Trapezium
|
A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.
|
Tree diagram
|
A method of solving probability questions by listing all
the outcomes of an event. Probabilities are calculated by multiplying down
the branches.
|
Triangle
|
A three sided polygon.
|
Triangular number
|
A sequence of numbers generated by adding one more than
was added to find the previous term. For example, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, ...
|
Units
|
A quantity used to describe a measurement. Examples are
kilograms, metres and centilitres.
|
Upper range
|
The largest value in a set of data.
|
Value
|
A numerical amount or quantity.
|
Variable
|
A letter which we don't know the value of.
|
Volume
|
The amount an object can hold. E.g. a bottle of cola has a
volume of 2 litres.
|
Week
|
A time period of 7 days.
|
Wide
|
Used to describe the width of something
|
Width
|
The distance from side to side. E.g. 'The swimming pool is
10 metres wide.'
|
X-Axis
|
The horizontal axis on a graph. The line going across the
page.
|
Y-Axis
|
The vertical axis on a graph. The line going from top to
bottom.
|
Y-Intercept
|
The value of the y-coordinate when a graph crosses the
y-axis.
|
Year
|
A time period of 12 months or 365 days. (366 in a leap
year.)
|
Z-Axis
|
Represents the depth of an object when working with 3D
coordinates.
|
Saturday, 26 November 2016
GLOSSARY- MATHEMATICAL WORDS
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